B49162 Mental Health Nursing

Critically Analysing Mental Health Literature

In this section of report, literature or literary works regarding mental health ad mental illness are discussed. Literary works are helpful in giving idea about the opinions of various scholars, professors, researchers, government institutes, academic institutes and many other such interested stakeholders that are having key knowledge and understanding of the issue of mental health and mental wellbeing of humans. Therefore, its understanding becomes most relevant and important. World Health Organisation, biggest international institute for health related aspects describes mental health as “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.” Therefore, in the opinion of researchers at the biggest institute, mental health is a state of mental and emotional wellbeing and stability of a person. It is a position of normalcy where abilities of a person are known to one and the individual is capable of handling general problems of life. But it is not necessary all the time. However, mental stability allows one to utilise all wisdom and conscience in best manner possible, along with patience and persistence, but sometimes even under normal circumstances a person is not seen coping up with problems of life. Neither it is important that when an individual is not able to fight normal life stresses and problems, an individual must be suffering from mental illness. This issue is mainly concerned with willpower and level of understanding of an individual. Hence, the definition by the biggest institute cannot be said entirely wrong, but it does not offer precise comprehension of metal health and stability in people. Also, there are evidences, that can be catered from experiences of patients suffering from mental issues, which derives that at many circumstances during the suffering, patients were able to deal with some problems which they mentioned of not handling at normal mind-sets. They fought with some unimaginable stresses, and got rid of them in such manner which derived them key lessons and offerings of life (National mental health workforce literature review, 2011).
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Mentioned by UK Surgeon Journal of 1999, “mental health is the successful performance of the mental function resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and providing the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity. The term mental illness refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders—health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour associated with distress or impaired functioning.” The journal of 1999, by some notable's surgeons of UK, opines the mental health of people by levels of performance. The understanding is that mental health must be resulting in productive results, related to work or related to personal relationships. Also, there has to be capability of coping with adversities and changes. Again, this can be regarded as insufficient. For example, consider the case of an autistic or introvert person, for that individual socialisation and relationships are immaterial or not that important. However, that individual cannot be regarded as mentally ill, but that is more personal choice and attitude of that individual. Similarly, productivity of a person at work may be seen low compared to other people, but that is due lack of knowledge and proficiency (Evidence-based psychological interventions in the treatment of mental disorders: A literature review, 2018).

Many more literary works had been considered, and they all dealt with some areas of mental aspects of individuals, and thus there cannot be seen any concrete definition of mental health. However, looking at the personal experiences of patients, one can easily conclude that this issue is very wide and understandings here has huge scope.

Aetiological factors of Mental illness

Aetiology is the study of the causes which are pertaining to any sort of medical problem and disorders in an individual. In case of mental illness, the causes can be very wide and there are chances that any similarities could not be seen among them. However, at many circumstances one can notice that a particular factors or cause is triggering or leading to another cause as well, further deteriorating mental health of a person (Oates, Drey, & Jones 2017). The report has made discussion over 5 such important factors that are seen leading to mental health problems in indigenous people of Australia.

History of Mental illness- If an individual has a history of mental illness and patients thereon, in the family and blood relations, there are more frequent chances for that individual for developing mental illness at any stage of life. This cause is attributed to genes effect. There are possibilities that the individual may get descended these diseases from parents and ancestors. This cause is totally biological and not psychological.

Stressful life situations- There have been evidences of people suffering from mental illness, anxieties and depressions, in case a particular person has been continuously suffering problems in life (Slemon, Jenkins, & Bungay 2017). A chain of such incidents that are affecting mental stability of the person kept on occurring at periodic intervals and affects the stability of that person. The problems occur at that time when the individual keeps over thinking about those problems and could not figure out any permanent solution to fighting that problem. Therefore, situations get worsened for that individual. Similarly, overlapping of problems of with each other is seen causing more distress for that person.

Injury- When an individual encounter any accident, that damage any part of the brain of that person, then there are chances of incurring mental illness. Because, that part of the brain will stop performing its role, and deficiencies will occur for the individual in regular life cycle.

Alcohol and drug addiction- These addictions are such which are trigger in the mental illness and traumatic position of individual. The effects of these addictions are such where not only mental health and physical health will deteriorate but the financial position will also weaken. These addictions are hard to forego and attracts a person more and more towards itself (Santangelo, Procter, & Fassett 2018). Thus, person will be start making more expenses towards it and productive works will not be done. Therefore, another problem will get added to life of individual, of finance besides mental trauma.

Few healthy relationships- There is a psychological need of human behaviour that they want to be surrounded and supported by love and affection, especially at the time of any distress. This affection and understanding are offered by those people who stands closely related to that individual, like family members and friends. In case the individual has few people in life with such relations and sue to some reasons those people could not offer solutions, there are chances of increasing sufferings more (Harrison, Hauck, & Ashby 2017).

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Evidence based Nursing

Evidence based nursing practices are those practices which are consistent with the scientific approaches of treatment and assures positive client outcomes. Although, evidences based researches are generally referred to as the guidelines for researchers but the true evidences are considered grounded by definitions that are permitting the quality of the research and its outcomes.

Permanent Supportive Housing

Permanent supportive housing is that program that supports individuals suffering from mental illnesses in finding a permanent housing for themselves, of independent nature. There are evidences where mental health of patients is also seen deteriorating because of over socialisation of people. Happy and smiling faces of people are also seen deteriorating mental condition and triggers depression. Therefore, there is a need for isolation for such patients. The mental instability had made them really sensitive. In such housing there are specific rules as well which do not apply with normal tenancies rules and some privileges are given to mentally challenged people (Flaskerud 2018). The participants in this program are also given facilities to improve their behavioural challenges.Want essay help?Take experts help.

Benefits of Early interventions in Mental healthcare

Early intervention in mental health is indicative of identification and treatment of mental issues and challenges in the patients at early stage of disease or disorders, and at the stage when the problems are at cultivating stage. The interventions are basically adopting those methods and practices that are helpful in finding long term and permanent solutions of problems. Researches made in context of patients in Australia has suggested that with early interventions in the mental diseases many productive and fruitful results have been bought up. Also, these interventions have made patients enable to find cures and reduce worsening effects. Some of the benefits of these interventions, pertaining to cases of mental healthcare in Australia have been discussed as follows:

Less intense treatment- This is the foremost benefit of the early interventions that the scale of treatment that would be required for imparting to the patients. When cure for disease will be started form early days of cultivation of disease, then its harmful impacts can be mitigated and reduced to lower levels. Thus, the requirement of heavy treatment at later stage can be reduced to normal rate (Rice, Stalling & Monasterio 2019).  Also, patients can learn those methods and techniques with the help of which patients can be making cure in future, if same problems arise again. A type of first aid can be learnt by them.

Less severe continuing symptoms- With the help of early care health interventions the severity of the impacts and the continuing of these symptoms for longer period can be reduced to nominal levels. Nominal levels are those in which patients, of good intelligence specially, can help overcoming the disease oneself. They will be in no longer requirement of the prescribed treatment and medications. However, this is applicable mostly in the cases of depression and anxiety.

Longer and Full recovery- Most dangerous outcome of untreated mental health issues is that they could lead to relapse of situation. This is a situation from which patients are seen overcoming mental illness in time, and the disease last with them forever. Early interventions of health care reduce these chances.

Evidence based Nursing for emerging mental conditions

Illness Management and Recovery (IMR)

Illness Management and Recovery is that evidence based Psychiatric treatment where the patients are allowed themselves to participate in the practice of treatment. It is the general understanding that in the treatment process, those patients would be seen participating more which has the diseases at the cultivating stage or at the emerging levels, for those who has acquired the severity of illness shall not be able to participate the encouragingly in the treatment process. In the IMR practice, practitioners are seen offering weekly sessions, seminars, helping patients to develop change plans and treatment plans. They are seen frequently engaging with the patients in communications, while establishing cheerful communication with them rather than talking about illness (Wand and et.al. 2019). However, whenever required these practitioners keep on communicating about the effects of disease and consequences if that is not treated in time. Also, the communications in this manner includes behavioural techniques and stress management techniques as well. Stress is considered as biggest hurdle in treatment of patients with mental sufferings. Stress do not allow patients to think beyond the problems and they just keep revolving around existing conditions. Hence, effective communications are needed that are seen in IMR practice.

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CONCLUSION

From the above discussion it can be concluded that mental illness and challenges thereon are significant and are holding prominent place in disturbing health and social order scenario of the Australia and the world. The analysis of literature review has derived the fact that there are no concrete definitions for mental illness that can establish precise understanding of these diseases. The remarks of various scholars are specific to some areas where practical examples describe that understanding to this matter is very wide. Aetiological factors have bought various causes of these diseases and thus underlining the connectivity of causes with routine social life of people. The Early healthcare interventions remarked significance of treatment, also at some points it was felt that curing is much necessary, because in future there can be irrecoverable circumstances. Most helpful in the report has been Evidence based Nursing practices, which highlighted prominent techniques of providing care and treatment to patients with existing and emerging diseases of such nature.

REFERENCES:

• Flaskerud, J. H. (2018). Stigma and psychiatric/mental health nursing. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 39(2). 188-191.
• Foster, K. and et.al. (2019). Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature. International journal of mental health nursing. 28(1). 71-85.
• Harrison, C. A., Hauck, Y., & Ashby, R. (2017). Breaking down the stigma of mental health nursing: A qualitative study reflecting opinions from western australian nurses. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 24(7). 513-522.
• Oates, J., Drey, N., & Jones, J. (2017). ‘Your experiences were your tools'. How personal experience of mental health problems informs mental health nursing practice. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing. 24(7). 471-479.
• Rice, M. J., Stalling, J., & Monasterio, A. (2019). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Data-driven policy platform for a psychiatric mental health care workforce. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. 25(1). 27-37.
• Santangelo, P., Procter, N., & Fassett, D. (2018). Mental health nursing: Daring to be different, special and leading recovery‐focused care?. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 27(1). 258-266.
• Slemon, A., Jenkins, E., & Bungay, V. (2017). Safety in psychiatric inpatient care: The impact of risk management culture on mental health nursing practice. Nursing Inquiry. 24(4). e12199.
• Wand, T. and et.al. (2019). Documenting the pre-implementation phase for a multi-site translational research project to test a new model Emergency Department-based mental health nursing care. International emergency nursing. 45. 10-16.
• Online
• Evidence-based psychological interventions in the treatment of mental disorders: A literature review. 2018. Online. Available through: <https://www.psychology.org.au/About-Us/What-we-do/advocacy/Position-Papers-Discussion-Papers-and-Reviews/psychological-interventions-mental-disorders>
• National mental health workforce literature review. 2011. Online. Available through: <https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/96b0e0ed-22d5-4cdb-b5ba-7ece94088835/National-mental-health-workforce-literature-review-2011.pdf.aspx>

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